Normal retina: The retina is formed from two layer: the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is derived from the outer layer of the optic cup and the neurosensory retina is derived from the inner layer of the optic cup. The RPE is a single layer of hexagonal-shaped cells. This layer sits on a basement membrane and Bruch's membrane, which separates the RPE from the choriocapillaris. The neurosensory retina is divided as followed: photoreceptors of the rods and cones, external limiting membrane, outer nuclear layer, outer plexiform layer, inner nuclear layer, ganglion cell layer, nerve fiber layer, and internal limiting membrane. In the macular area, there is focal thinning of the retina with an increase in the thickness and increased cellularity of the ganglion cell layer. Back to Retina