Faculty

Barbara E. K. Klein, M.D., M.P.H.

Professor

450 WARF Office Building
610 North Walnut Street
Madison, WI 53726-2336
Office : (608) 263-0280
Clinic : (608) 263-7171

kleinb@epi.ophth.wisc.edu

Degrees:	B.S. 1965, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY M.D. 1969, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY M.P.H. 1971, University of North Carolina, School of Public Health Department of Epidemiology, Chapel Hill, NC
Appointments:	Preventive Medicine
Internships:	1969-70 Bellevue Medical Center: New York University Hospital and Manhattan Veterans Administration Hospital program, New York, NY
Residency:	1971-73 Residency, Preventive Medicine, University of North Carolina Memorial Hospital, Chapel Hill, NC 1977-80 Residency, Ophthalmology, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI
Fellowships:	1970-71 Fellowship for M.P.H., University of North Carolina School of Public Health 1983-84 Faculty fellowship, Glaucoma, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI
Research:	The Beaver Dam Eye Study The Beaver Dam Eye Study is funded by the National Eye Institute, part of the National Institutes of Health. The purpose of the study is to collect information on the prevalence and incidence of age-related cataract, macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy, which are all common eye diseases in an aging population. The study also has examined other aging issues, such as overall health, quality of life, and environmental and medicinal exposures. The study was funded initially in 1987 and involved nearly 5000 of 6000 eligible adults. A baseline examination was done between 1988 and 1990. Follow-up examinations were done at 5-year intervals, with the next expected to begin in September 2008. To date there have been more than 250 publications from the studies. An important finding was the association of cigarette smoking with both cataract and age-related macular degeneration. Information from this has been used to provide estimates for the prevalence of age-related eye disease in this study. In addition, one of the largest studies of the genetics of age-related eye diseases and traits has come from this study (see below). Protocols developed to grade cataract and age-related macular degeneration for the Beaver Dam Eye Study have been used in other studies. Three such studies, the Blue Mountains Eye Study in Australia, the Rotterdam Study, and the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study, have used protocols similar to those used in the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Comparison of the data from Beaver Dam, Blue Mountains and Rotterdam demonstrated the differences in the frequency of late stages of macular degeneration around the world that was not explained by any of the associated environmental, demographic, and health factors studied to date. The strong association of cigarette smoking and macular degeneration was found in all three populations. WESDR / WESCID WESDR (the Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy) began in 1979. It was initially funded by the National Eye Institute. The purpose of the WESDR was to describe the frequency and incidence of complications associated with diabetes (eye complications such as diabetic retinopathy and visual loss, kidney complications such as diabetic nephropathy, and amputations), and to identify risk factors (such as poor glycemic control, smoking, and high blood pressure) which may contribute to the development of these complications. In addition, another purpose of the WESDR was to examine health care delivery for people with diabetes. WESDR examinations were done in a large 40-foot mobile examining van in an eleven-county area in southern Wisconsin and involved all persons with younger-onset type 1 diabetes (996 people) and older-onset persons mostly with type 2 diabetes (1370 people) who were first examined from 1980 to 1982. The examinations were done near participants' residences. The van provided standardized conditions to examine participants and minimized participants' travel time. The examination involved refraction and measurement of best corrected visual acuity, examination of the front and back of the eye, measurement of the pressure in the eye, fundus photography, blood tests for glycosylated hemoglobin (a measure of recent blood sugar control) and random blood sugar, and urine protein analysis. The fundus photographs were masked for anonymity and then graded by trained graders. This provided objective information about the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy (damage of the retinal blood vessels from diabetes) and macular edema (swelling of the center of the retina) in each eye. There were follow-up examinations in 1984-86, 1990-92, 1995-96, 2001-2002, and another follow-up is planned for 2005-2009. Many reports have arisen from the WESDR which have demonstrated the associations of good control of blood sugar with less risk of incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic kidney disease. Data from the WESDR has been used in developing international guidelines for eye care for people with diabetes. These data have also been used in developing educational programs such as the National Eye Health Education Program. More information about the latter is available from the National Eye Institute. It is hoped that the new emphasis on cardiovascular and peripheral vascular complications in people with diabetes will lead to development of more effective preventive and treatment options. Genetic Studies of Ocular Traits and Disease Family and genetic studies of eye conditions were begun in 1991. The earliest data analyses indicated that genetic factors were important for age-related maculopathy (macular degeneration) and for nuclear and cortical cataracts. A subsequent genetic linkage study found several genes that are potentially responsible for these conditions. We are now exploring the genetic correlates of ocular traits that predispose to disease but are themselves not the disease. Intraocular pressure and the levels tend to be similar in family members. These family and genetic studies involve collaborators from the National Human Genome Research Institute and other investigators from other universities. It is hoped that these studies will lead to further understanding of the role of genetics in vision threatening eye diseases. Several application for genotyping have been accepted at the Center for Inh erited Disease Research, rendering the Beaver Dam Eye Study one of the largest population-based linkage data bases for age-related eye disease.
Publications:	Klein BEK, Klein R, McBride P, Moss SE, Prineas R, Reinke J. Electrocardiographic abnormalities in persons with long duration type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2005; 28(1):145-147. Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE. Ten-year incidence of self-reported erectile dysfunction in people with long-term type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2005, 19:35-41. Klein AP, Duggal P, Lee KE, Klein R, Bailey-Wilson JE, Klein BEK. Support for polygenic influences on ocular refractive error. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005; 46:442-446. Duggal P, Klein AP, Lee KE, Iyengar SK, Klein R, Bailey-Wilson JE, Klein BEK. A genetic contribution to intraocular pressure: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005; 46(2):555-560. Wong TY, Klein R, Klein BEK, Knudtson MD, Hubbard LD. Medication use and retinal vessel diameters. Am J Opthalmol 2005; 139(2):373-375. Klein BEK, Klein R, Knudtson MD. Intraocular pressure and systemic blood pressure: longitudinal perspective. The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Br J Ophthalmol 2005; 89(3):284-287. Klein AP, Duggal P, Lee KE, O=Neill JA, Klein R, Bailey-Wilson JE, Klein BEK. Polygenic effects and cigarette smoking account for a portion of the familial aggregation of nuclear sclerosis. Am J Epidemiol 2005; 161:707-713. Klein BEK, Hubbard L, Ferrier NJ, Klein R, Klein DJ, Lee KL, Ewen A, Jensen K, Evans MD. Detecting progression of nuclear sclerosis by using human grading versus semi-automated computer grading. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005; 46:1155-1162. Wong TY, Knudtson MD, Klein BEK, Klein R, Hubbard LD. Estrogen replacement therapy and retinal vascular caliber. Ophthalmology 2005; 112:553-558. Wong TY, Marino Laren EK, Klein R, Mitchell P, Couper DJ, Klein BEK, Hubbard LD, Siscovick DS, Sharrett AR. Cardiovascular risk factors for retinal vein occlusion and arteriolar emboli: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities & Cardiovascular Health Studies. Ophthalmology 2005; 112:540-547. Nondahl DM, Klein BE, Klein R, Cruickshanks KJ, Tweed TS, Wiley TL. Factors predicting severity of tinnitus: a population-based assessment. J Am Acad Audiol 2005; 16:196; author reply 197. Wong TY, Shankar A, Klein R, Klein BEK, Hubbard LD. Retinal arteriolar narrowing hypertension and subsequent risk of diabetes mellitus. Arch Int Med 2005; 165:1060-1065. Knudtson MD, Klein BE, Klein R, Cruickshanks KJ, Lee KE. Age-related eye disease, quality of life, and functional activity. Arch Ophthalmol 2005; 123:807-814. Hallman DM, Huber JC Jr, Gonzalez VH, Klein BEK, Klein R, Hanis CL. Familial aggregation of severity of diabetic retinopathy in Mexican Americans from Starr County Texas. Diabetes Care 2005; 28:1163-1168. Fisher SA, Abecasis GR, Yashar BM, Zareparsi S, Swaroop A, Iyengar SK, Klein BEK, Klein R, Lee KE, Majewski J, Schultz DW, Klein ML, Seddon JM, Santangelo SL, Weeks DE, Conley YP, Mah TS, Schmidt S, Haines JL, Pericak-Vance MA, Gorin MB, Schultz HL, Pardi F, Lewis CM, Weber BH. Meta-analysis of genome scans of age-related macular degeneration. Hum Mol Genet 2005; 14:2257-2264. Klein R, Klein BEK, Knudtson MD, Wong TY, Shankar A, Tsai MY. Systemic markers of inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and age-related maculopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 2005; 140:35-44. Klein R, Klein BEK, Knudtson MD. Frailty and age-related macular degeneration. The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Am J Ophthalmol 2005; 140:129-131. Puent BD, Klein BEK, Klein R, Cruickshanks KJ, Nondahl DM. Factors related to vision care in an older adult cohort. Optom Vis Sci 2005; 82:612-616. Nondahl DM, Klein BEK, Klein R, Cruickshanks KJ, Wiley TL. Factors predicting severity of tinnitus: a population-based assessment [Letter]. J Am Acad Audiol 2005; 16(3):196. Knudtson MD, Klein BEK, Klein R, Shankar A. Associations with weight loss and subsequent mortality risk. Ann Epidemiol 2005; 15(7):483-491. Torre P 3rd, Cruickshanks KJ, Klein BE, Klein R, Nondahl DM. The association between cardiovascular disease and cochlear function in older adults. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2005; 48(2):473-481. Jun G, Klein BEK, Klein R, Fox K, Millard C, Humphrey J, Russo K, Lee, KE, Elston RC, Iyengar SK. Genome-wide analyses demonstrate novel loci that predispose to drusen formation. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005; 46:3081-3088. Klein BEK, Klein R, Knudtson MD, Lee KE. Frailty, morbidity, and survival. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2005; 41:141-149. Klein R, Meuer SM, Moss SE, Klein BEK, Nieder MW, Reinke J. Detecting age-related macular degeneration: technologies are best compared when standardized [author reply]. Arch Ophthalmol 2005; 123:1157-1158. The Age-Related Eye Disease Study Severity Scale for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: AREDS Report No. 17. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005; 123(11):1484-1498. Moss SE, Klein R, Klein BEK. Ankle-brachial index and the prevalence of age-related maculopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 2005; 140(6):1159-1161. Burch JW, Mair DC, Meny GM, Moroff G, Ching SS, Naidoff MA, Steuer ER, Loftus SA, Armstrong J, Clemons TE, Klein BE. The risk of posterior subcapsular cataracts in granulocyte donors. Transfusion 2005; 45(11):1701-1708. Klein BEK, Klein R, Lee KE, Knudtson MD, Tsai MY. Markers of inflammation, vascular endothelial dysfunction and age-related cataract. Am J Ophthalmol 2006; 141:116-122. Klein R, Klein BEK, Knudtson MD, Wong TY, Tsai M. Are inflammatory factors related to retinal vessel caliber? The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Arch Opthalmol 2006; 124(1):87-94. Wong TY, Shankar A, Klein R, Bray MS, Couper DJ, Klein BEK, Sharrett AR, Folsom AR. Apolipoprotein E gene and early age-related maculopathy: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Ophthalmology 2006; 113(2):255-259. Xing C, Klein BEK, Klein R, Jun G, Lee KE, Iyengar S. A genome-wide linkage study of retinal vessel diameters in Beaver Dam Eye Study. Hypertension 2006; 47(4):797-802. Hall ER, Klein BEK, Meuer SM, Knudtson MD, Klein R. Age-related macular degeneration and optic disc cupping. Am J Ophthalmol 2006; 141(3):494-497. Wong TY, Klein R, Islam FM, Cotch MF, Folsom A, Klein BEK, Sharrett AR, Shea S; for the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Diabetic retinopathy in a multi-ethnic cohort in the United States. Am J Ophthalmol 2006; 141(3):446-455. Knudtson MD, Klein BEK, Klein R. Age-related eye disease, visual impairment and survival: The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Arch Ophthalmol 2006; 124(2):243-249. Klein R, Klein BEK, Wong TY, Cotch MF, Liu K, Burke G, Saad MF, Jacobs DA, Jr. The prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in four racial/ethnic groups in the United States. The Multi Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Ophthalmology 2006; 113:373-80. Klein R, Klein BEK. The epidemiology of eye disease: from glycemia to genetics. Invest Ophth Vis Sci 2006; 47(5):1747-1453. Klein BEK, Meuer S, Knudtson MD, Klein R. The relationship of cup to disc ratio to retinal vein occlusion: The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Am J Ophthalmol 2006; 141(5):859-862. Witt N, Wong TY, Hughes AD, Klein BEK, Chaturvedi N, Evan R, McNamara M, Thom SA, Klein R. Abnormalities of retinal microvasculature and risk of mortality from ischemic heart disease and stroke. Hypertension 2006; 47(5):975-981. Wong TY, Islam FM, Klein R, Klein BEK, Cotch MF, Castro C, Sharrett AR, Shahar E. Retinal vascular caliber, cardiovascular risk factors and inflammation: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006; 47(6):2341-2350. Wang JJ, Cugati S, Knudtson MD, Rochtchina E, Klein R, Klein BEK, Wong TY, Mitchell P. Retinal arteriolar emboli and long-term mortality: Pooled data analysis from two older populations. Stroke 2006; 37:1833-1836. Shankar A, Klein R, Klein BEK. The association between smoking, heavy drinking and chronic kidney disease. Am J Epidemiol 2006; 164(3):263-271. Klein BEK, Klein R, Lee KE, Grady LM. Statin use and incident nuclear cataract. JAMA 2006; 21;295(23):2752-2758. Klein BEK, Klein R, McBride PE, Reinke J, Knudtson MD. Medical records as sources of data on cardiovascular disease events in persons with diabetes. J Diabetic Complications 2006; 20(4):224-227. Wang JJ, Cugati S, Knudtson MD, Rochtchina E, Klein R, Klein BEK, Wong TY, Mitchell P. Retinal arteriolar emboli and long-term mortality: pooled data analysis from two older populations. Stroke 2006;37;1833-1836. Ewen A, Lee KE, Klein BEK, Meuer SM, Klein R. Comparability of cup and disc diameters measured from nonstereoscopic digital and stereoscopic film images. Am J Ophthalmol 2006; 141(6):1126-1128. Haan MN, Klein R, Klein BEK, Deng Y, Blythe LK, Seddon JM, Musch DC, Kuller LH, Hyman LG, Wallace RB. Hormone therapy and age-related macular degeneration: The Women’s Health Initiative Sight Exam Study. Arch Opthalmol 2006; 124(7):988-992. Klein BEK, Klein R, Knudtson MD. Lens opacities associated with performance-based and self-assessed visual functions. Ophthalmology 2006; 113(8):1257-1263. Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, Wong TY, Sharrett AR. Retinal vascular caliber in persons with type 2 diabetes. The Wisconsin Epidemiological Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. XX. Ophthalmology 2006; 113(9):1488-1498. Klein BEK, Klein R, Knudtson MD. Frailty and age-related cataract. Ophthalmology 2006; 113(12):2209-2212. Shankar A, Klein R, Klein BEK, Nieto FJ. The association of between serum uric acid level and long-term incidence of hypertension: population-based cohort study. J Hum Hypertens 2006; 20(12):937-945. Klein R, Klein BEK, Lee KE, Cruickshankds KJ, Gangnon RE. Changes in visual acuity in a population over a 15-year period. The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Am J Ophthalmol 2006; 142(4):539-549. Knudtson MD, Klein R, Klein BEK. Physical activity and the 15-year cumulative incidence of age-related macular degeneration: The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Br J Ophthalmol 2006; 90:1461-1463. Shi W, Wahba G, Wright S, Lee KE, Klein R, Klein BEK. LASSO-Patternsearch algorithm with application to ophthalmology data. Technical report no. 1131. Dept of Statistics, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, Wisconsin. October 2006. Wong TY, Kamineni A, Klein R, Sharrett AR, Klein BEK, Siscovick DS, Cushman M, Duncan BB. Retinal vascular caliber and risk of cardiovascular disease in older persons: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Arch Intern Med 2006; 166:2388-2394. Mosher AE, Knudtson MD, Jensen KN, Klein R, Hubbard LE, Ferrier NJ. Comparison of retinal image measurements in digital vs film images. Am J Ophthalmol 2006; 142(5):875-878. Klein BEK, Klein R, Lee KE, Hoyer CJ. Does the intraocular pressure affect on optic disc cupping differ by age? Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 2006; 104:143-148. Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, Wong TY. The relationship of retinopathy in persons without diabetes to the 15-year incidence of diabetes and hypertension: Beaver Dam Eye Study. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 2006; 104:98-107. Nondahl DM, Cruickshanks KJ, Dalton DS, Klein BEK, Klein R, Tweed TS, Wiley TL. The use of hearing protection devices by older adults during recreational noise exposure. Noise Health 2006; 8:147-153. Duggal P, Klein AP, Lee KE, Klein R, Klein BE, Bailey-Wilson JE. Identification of novel genetic loc393- for intraocular pressure: A genomewide scan of the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Arch Ophthalmol 2007; 125(1):74-79. Shankar A, Klein R, Klein BEK, Nieto FJ, Moss SE. The relationship between low-normal blood pressure and kidney disease in type 1 diabetes. Hypertension 2007; 49:48-54. Tikellis G, Sun C, Gorin M, Klein R, Klein BEK, Larsen EK, Siscovick DS, Hubbard L, Wong TY. Apolipoprotein E gene and age-related maculopathy in older individuals: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Arch Opthalmol 2007; 125:68-73. Hyman L, Klein BEK, Nemesure B, Wiggs J. Ophthalmic genetics: at the dawn of discovery. Arch Ophthalmol 2007; 125(1):9-10. Klein R, Deng Y, Klein BE, Hyman L, Seddon J, Frank RN, Wallace RB, Hendrix SL, Kuppermann BD, Langer RD, Kuller L, Brunner R, Johnson KC, Thomas AM, Haan M. Cardiovascular disease, its risk factors and treatment, and age-related macular degerneration: Women’s Health Initiative Sight Exam Ancillary Study. Am J Ophthalmol 2007; 143(3):473-483. Klein R, Klein BEK, Knudtson MD, Meuer SM, Swift M, Gangnon R. The fifteen-year cumulative incidence of age-related macular degeneration: The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmology 2007; 114(2):253-262. Cugati S, Wang JJ, Knudtson MD, Rochthina E, Klein R, Klein BE, Wong TY, Mitchell P. Retinal vein occlusion and vascular mortality: pooled data analysis of 2 population-based cohorts. Ophthalmology 2007; 114(3):520-524. Looker HC, Nelson RG, Chew E, Klein R, Klein BEK, Knowler WC, Hanson RL. Genome wide linkage analyses to identify loci for diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes 2007, 56:1160-1166. Sun C, Tikellis G, Klein R, Steffens DC, Larsen EK, Siscovick DS, Klein BEK, Wong TY. Are microvascular abnormalities in the retina associated with depression symptoms? The Cardiovascular Health Study. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2007; 15(4):335-343. Hirai FE, Moss SE, Klein BEK, Klein R. Severe hypoglycemia and smoking in a long-term type 1 diabetic population: Wisconsin Epidemiological Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. Diabetes Care 2007; 30(6):1437-1441. Hallman DM, Boerwinkle E, Gonzalez VH, Klein BEK, Klein R, Hanis CL. A genome-wide linkage scan for diabetic retinopathy susceptibility genes in Mexican Americans with type 2 diabetes from Starr County, Texas. Diabetes Care 2007; 56(4):1167-1173. Lee KE, Klein BEK, Klein R, Meuer SM. Association of retinal vessel caliber to optic disc and cup diameters. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007; 48(1):63-67. Shankar A, Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE. Association between glycosylated hemoglobin level and 16-year incidence of chronic kidney disease in type 1 diabetes. Exp Clin Endocrin Diabetes 2007; 115:203-206. Nondahl DM, Cruickshanks KJ, Dalton DS, Klein BEK, Klein R, Schubert CR, Tweed TS, Wiley TL. The impact of tinnitus and quality of life in older adults. J Am Acad Audiol 2007; 18(3):257-266. Klein R, Knudtson MD, Klein BEK. Statin use and the 15-year incidence and progression of age-related macular degeneration. Am J Opthalmol 2007; 144:1-6. Klein R, Klein BEK Klein, Knudtson MD, Cotch MF, Wong TY, Liu K, Burke GL, Saad MF, Jacobs DR Jr, Sharrett AR. Subclinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and early age-related macular degeneration in a multi-racial cohort: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Arch Opthalmol 2007; 125(4):534-543. Wong TY, Klein R, Islam FJ, Cotch MF, Couper DJ, Klein BEK, Hubbard LD, Sharrett AR. The three-year incidence and cumulative prevalence of retinopathy: The Atheroscleroisis Risk in Communities Study. Am J Ophthalmol 2007; 143(6):970-976. Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE, Wong TY. The Relation of retinal vessel caliber to the long-term incidence of microvascular and macrovascular disease in persons with type 2 diabetes. XXI: The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. Ophthalmology 2007; 114(10):1884-1892. Knudtson MD, Klein R, Klein BEK. Alcohol consumption and the 15-year cumulative incidence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Am J Ophthalmol 2007; 143(6):1026-1029. Shankar A, Klein R, Klein BEK, Moss SE. Association between glycosylated hemoglobin level and cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in type 1 diabetes. Am J Epidemiol 2007; 166:393-402. Baker ML, Larsen EM, Kuller LH, Klein R, Klein BEK, Siscovick DS, Bernick C, Manolio TA, Wong TY. Retinal microvascular signs, cognitive function, and dementia in older persons: The Cardiovascular Health Study. Stroke 2007; 38(7):2041-2047. Thompson CL, Jun G, Klein BEK, Klein R, Capriotti J, Lee KE, Iyengar SK. Genetics of pigment changes and geographic atrophy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007; 48:3003-3013. Cheung N, Bluemke DA, Klein R, Sharrett AR, Islam FM, Cotch MF, Klein BE, Criqui MH, Wong TY. Retinal arteriolar narrowing and left ventricular remodeling: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 50(1):48-55. Thompson CL, Klein BEK, Klein R, Xu Z, Capriotti J, Joshi T, Leontiev D, Lee KE, Elston RC, Iyengar SK. Complement factor H and hemicentin-1 in age-related macular degeneration and renal phenotypes. Hum Mol Genet 2007; 16(17):2135-2148. Hirai FE, Klein R, Klein BEK. Retinopathy and survival in a population without diabetes: The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Am J Epidemiol 2007; 166(6):724-730. Wang JJ, Liew G, Klein R, Rochtchina E, Knudtson MD, Klein BE, Wong TY, Burlutsky G, Mitchell P. Retinal vessel diameter and cardiovascular mortality: pooled data analysis from two older populations. Eur Heart J 2007; 28(16):1984-1992. Trentham-Dietz A, Sprague, BL, Klein R, Klein BEK, Cruickshanks KJ, Fryback DG, Hampton, JM. Health-related quality of life before and after a breast cancer diagnosis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2007 Aug. 3; [Epub ahead of print]. DOI:10.1007/s10549-007-9653-1. Klein AP, Duggal P, Lee KE, Klein R, Bailey-Wilson JE, Klein BE. Confirmation of linkage to ocular refraction on chromosome 22q and identification of a novel linkage region on 1q. Arch Ophthalmol. 2007; 125(1):80-85. Klein R, Klein BE. Reply to Feke GT: Cardiovascular Disease, its Risk Factors and Treatment, and Age-related Macular Degeneration: Women’s Health Initiative Sight Exam Ancillary Study. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007; 144(3):483. Shankar A, Li J, Nieto FJ, Klein BE, Klein R. Association between C-reactive protein level and peripheral arterial disease among US adults without cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or hypertension. Am Heart J. 2007; 154(3):495-501. Klein BEK, Lee KE, Klein R. Attained parental age and children’s survival at mid-life ages in a large population. Gerontology 2007; 53(6);161-165. Klein BEK. Overview of epidemiologic studies of diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2007; 14(4):179-183. Cheung N, Sharrett R, Klein R, Criqui MH, Islam AF, Macura KJ, Cotch MF, Klein BEK, Wong TY. Aortic distensibility and retinal arteriolar narrowing: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Hypertension 2007; 50(4):617-622. Klein BEK, Klein R. Lifestyle exposures and eye diseases in adults. Am J Ophthalmol 2007; 144:961-969. Klein R, Moss S, Klein BEK, Diabetic Retinopathy (letter), Ophthalmology 2007; 114:2099. Duggal P, Klein AP, Lee KE, Klein R, Klein BEK, Bailey-Wilson JE. The GLC1H glaucoma locus may reflect glaucoma with elevated IOP [letter]. Arch Ophthalmol 2007; 125(12):1716-1717. Knudtson MD, Klein R, Lee KE, Reinke JO, Danforth LG, Wealti AM, Moore E, Klein BEK. A longitudinal study of nonvitamin, nonmineral supplement use: prevalence, associations, and survival in an aging population. Ann Epidemiol 2007; 17(12):933-939. Wong TY, Cheung N, Islam FM, Klein R, Criqui MH, Cotch MF, Carr JJ, Klein BE, Sharrett AR. Relation of retinopathy to coronary artery calcification: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Am J Epidemiol 2008 Jan 1; 167(1):51-58. Cheung N, Islam FM, Klein R, Klein BEK, Wong TY. Plasma sphingomyelin is not associated with microvascular changes in the retina: letter. Microvasc Res 2008; 75(1)9. Klein R, Knudtson MD, Cruickshanks KJ, Klein BEK. Further observations on the relationship of smoking to the long-term incidence and progression of age-related macular degeneration. The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Arch Ophthalmol 2008; 126(1):115-121. Shankar A, Klein BEK, Klein R, Nieto FJ. Association between serum uric acid level and peripheral arterial disease. Atherosclerosis 2008; 196:749-755. Cheung N, Islam FM, Jacobs DR Jr, Sharrett AR, Klein R, Polak J, Cotch MF, Klein BEK, Ouyang P, Wong TY. Arterial compliance and retinal vascular caliber in cerebrovascular disease. Ann Neurol 2007; 62(6):618-624. Klein R, Meuer SM, Knudtson MD, Iyengar SK, Klein BEK. The epidemiology of retinal reticular drusen. Am J Ophthalmol 2008; 145(2):317-326. Wong TY, Liew G, Tapp R, Schmidt MI, Wang JJ, Mitchell P, Klein R, Klein BEK, Zimmet P, Shaw J. Relationship between fasting glucose and retinopathy for diagnosis of diabetes: a cross-sectional cohort study. Lancet 2008; 371:736-743. Hirai FE, Moss SE, Klein BEK, Klein R. Relationship of glycemic control, exogenous insulin, and c-peptide levels to ischemic heart disease mortality over a 16-year period in persons with older-onset diabetes: The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. Diabetes Care 2008; 31(3):493-497. Nguyen TT, Wang JJ, Sharrett AR, Islam FMA, Klein R, Klein BEK, Cotch MF, Wong TY. The relationship of retinal vascular caliber with diabetes and retinopathy: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Diabetes Care 2008; 31(3):544-549. Hirai FE, Knudtson MD, Klein BEK, Klein R. Clinically significant macular edema and survival in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Am J Ophthalmol 2008; 145(4):700-706. Klein BEK, Klein R, Lee KE. Incidence of age-related cataract over a 15-year interval. The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmology 2008; 115:477-482. Klein R, Moss SE, Meuer SM, Klein BEK. The 15-year cumulative incidence of retinal vein occlusion: The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Arch Ophthalmol 2008; 126(4):513-518. Edwards AO, Chen D, Fridley BL, James KM, Wu Y, Abecasis G, Swaroop A, Othman M, Branham K, Iyengar SK, Sivakumaran TA, Klein R, Klein BE, Tosakulwong N. Toll-like receptor polymorphisms and age-related macular degeneration. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008 Apr; 49(4):1652-1659.